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I have been absent from this list for a rather long time. Life has
intervened again (I have just moved from Vancouver to St. John's,
Newfoundland) and kept me away from anything to do with Open Space. But
the discussion on consensus makes me come out from hiding.<br>
<br>
Harrison, I agree with much of what you say. However, I think the
difficulty with any discussion on consensus is that everybody has a
different interpretation of what "consensus" means. The way I see it,
consensus is not something you come at easily. Reaching what I consider
to be true consensus requires a process that gives plenty of space for
disagreements to be voiced. If a solution can be found that everyone
believes is the best and most reasonable (considering the
alternatives), and that everyone is willing to support, that could be
considered consensus. It requires a lot of time and effort and is not
always practical or even desirable.<br>
<br>
What irritates me the most is when people talk about consensus as if it
only means a strong majority, as in "8 out of 10 support this options;
it looks like we have consensus. A more common problem, however, is
that people suppress their disagreement in order to not be seen as
"difficult".<br>
<br>
The most thorough definition of consensus that I have come across is:<br>
<br>
"Consensus is a group decision - which some members may not
feel is the best decision but which they can all live with, support,
and
commit themselves to not undermine - arrived at without voting, through
a process whereby the issues are fully aired, all members feel that
they
have been adequately heard, in which everyone has equal power and
responsibility,
and different degrees of influence by virtue of individual stubbornness
or charisma are avoided, so that all are satisfied with the process.
The
process requires the members to be emotionally present and engaged;
frank
in a loving, mutually respectful manner; sensitive to each other; to be
selfless, dispassionate, and capable of emptying themselves; and
possessing
a paradoxical awareness of both people and time, including knowing when
the solution is satisfactory, and that it is time to stop and not
re-open
the discussion until such time that the group determines a need for
revision."
[<i>© 1988, Valley Diagnostic, Medical, and Surgical Clinic, Inc. of
Harlingen, Texas and the Foundation for Community Encouragement,
Knoxville,
Tennessee</i>] (as quoted by M. Scott Peck).<br>
<br>
My two cents.<br>
<br>
Bui<br>
<br>
Harrison Owen wrote:
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<div class="Section1">
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Peter –
Tyranny by the majority is
certainly a downside of Democracy as practiced in my country (<st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">USA</st1:place></st1:country-region>).
That
said, it seems to me that there are circumstances where it is the
preferable
alternative. The passage of the Civil Rights Act here in the US was
vociferously
and often violently opposed by a very vocal minority, however I would
doubt
that many black Americans opposed the vigorous enforcement of that act,
and
fortunately (for the good of the country) a majority of all Americans,
regardless of hue, were in agreement. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Consensus
politics has much to commend it,
but it too has its downsides. Resolution at the lowest common
denominator is
one such, which often appears to be no resolution at all.
Alternatively, the
whole system may simply become paralyzed. At such times, I for one find
myself
longing for a straight up or down vote. There is also such a thing a
Tyranny of
Consensus, I think. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Perhaps it
is useful to think in terms of
both/and as opposed to either/or? For example, Majority Rule, as in the
case of
the Civil Rights act, was possible only because of a prior consensus in
the
American Population that the Rule of Law was to be preferred even if
you were
on the wrong side of the Law.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">I suspect
that the situation is infinitely
more complicated than the simple alternative (Consensus/Majority Rule).
My
learning has been that our capacity to design and implement effective
systems
of all sorts (political, corporate, etc) is limited at best. We simply
cannot
comprehend the infinite complexity and random occurrences (essential
chaos),
characteristic of all living systems. Our solutions are always
approximations,
and try as we might, we will never get it “right” – and for
sure we will never be in control. This doesn’t mean that we shouldn’t
keep trying, but I think it is essential that we understand the true
status of
our creations – they are maps, and never to be confused with the
territory. Like all maps, some are better than others, and as
conditions change
these maps become more or less relevant/accurate.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">We really
get in trouble when we decide
that there is “<st1:Street w:st="on"><st1:address w:st="on">One Right
Way</st1:address></st1:Street>.”
This effectively limits our options and reduces the living space (open
space).
Pushed to extremes the system will die – which is the end state of all
systems, regardless. When you run out of space/time you run out of
life. Fortunately
our maps do not create the systems, and our systems are infinitely more
robust
than our designs could ever be. Are they perfect? No. They are always
on the
way to something new. And if they ever get “there” that will be the
end, I think.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><st1:place w:st="on"><font color="navy"
face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Harrison</span></font></st1:place><font
color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><st1:PersonName w:st="on"><font color="navy"
face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Harrison Owen</span></font></st1:PersonName><font
color="navy"><span style="color: navy;"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><st1:Street w:st="on"><st1:address w:st="on"><font
color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">189
Beaucaire Ave</span></font></st1:address></st1:Street><font color="navy"><span
style="color: navy;"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on"><font
color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Camden</span></font></st1:City><font
color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">, <st1:State
w:st="on">ME</st1:State> <st1:PostalCode w:st="on">04843</st1:PostalCode></span></font></st1:place><font
color="navy"><span style="color: navy;"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">207-763-3261
(Summer)</span></font><font color="navy"><span style="color: navy;"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">301-365-2093
(Winter)</span></font><font color="navy"><span style="color: navy;"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Website <a
moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.openspaceworld.com">www.openspaceworld.com</a>
</span></font><font color="navy"><span style="color: navy;"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Personal
Website <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.ho-image.com">www.ho-image.com</a>
</span></font><font color="navy"><span style="color: navy;"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><st1:PersonName w:st="on"><font color="navy"
face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">OSLIST</span></font></st1:PersonName><font
color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;"> </span></font><font
color="navy"><span style="color: navy;">To
subscribe, unsubscribe, change your options </span></font><font
color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
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</div>
<div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><font
face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">
<hr tabindex="-1" align="center" size="2" width="100%"></span></font></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma; font-weight: bold;">From:</span></font></b><font
face="Tahoma" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma;"> <st1:PersonName
w:st="on">OSLIST</st1:PersonName> [mailto:<st1:PersonName w:st="on">OSLIST</st1:PersonName>@LISTSERV.BOISESTATE.EDU]
<b><span style="font-weight: bold;">On Behalf Of </span></b>Peter
Emerson<br>
<b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Sent:</span></b> Thursday, August
14, 2008
5:21 AM<br>
<b><span style="font-weight: bold;">To:</span></b> <st1:PersonName
w:st="on">OSLIST</st1:PersonName>@LISTSERV.BOISESTATE.EDU<br>
<b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Subject:</span></b> Re: A Common
Consensus</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Dear Jack, <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">They key,
then, is to ask these folks, do
they believe in democracy? Yes? Oh jolly good. And do they
believe democracy is for everybody, or just a majority? And if they
agree
to the former, away you go.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Mediation
works only when the parties to
the dispute agree to it. Democracy should work for all democrats.
Russians and Georgians claim the adjective. But the idea that a
majority can determine the fate of an unwilling minority <i><span
style="font-style: italic;">should</span></i> be abhorrent… to both. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Cheers, <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Peter<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Peter Emerson</span></font><font
color="navy"><span style="color: navy;"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Director,
The de Borda Institute</span></font><font color="navy"><span
style="color: navy;"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><st1:Street w:st="on"><st1:address w:st="on"><font
color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">36
Ballysillan Road</span></font></st1:address></st1:Street><font
color="navy"><span style="color: navy;"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on"><font
color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">Belfast</span></font></st1:City></st1:place><font
color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;"> BT14 7QQ</span></font><font
color="navy"><span style="color: navy;"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Times New Roman"
size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: navy;"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">028 90 711795</span></font><font
color="navy"><span style="color: navy;"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">078 377 17979</span></font><font
color="navy"><span style="color: navy;"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Times New Roman"
size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: navy;"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;"><a
moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:pemerson@deborda.org">pemerson@deborda.org</a></span></font><font
color="navy"><span style="color: navy;"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;"><a
moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.deborda.org">www.deborda.org</a></span></font><font
color="navy"><span style="color: navy;"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Times New Roman"
size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: navy;"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="navy" face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial; color: navy;">The Borda
count "is the best
protection ever devised from the tyranny of the majority." Professor
Sir Michael Dummett.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><font
face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">
<hr tabindex="-1" align="center" size="2" width="100%"></span></font></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma; font-weight: bold;">From:</span></font></b><font
face="Tahoma" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma;"> <st1:PersonName
w:st="on">OSLIST</st1:PersonName> [mailto:<st1:PersonName w:st="on"><st1:PersonName
w:st="on">OSLIST</st1:PersonName>@LISTSERV.BOISESTATE.EDU</st1:PersonName>]
<b><span style="font-weight: bold;">On Behalf Of </span></b>Jack
Martin Leith<br>
<b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Sent:</span></b> 14 August <br>
<b><span style="font-weight: bold;">To:</span></b> <st1:PersonName
w:st="on"><st1:PersonName w:st="on">OSLIST</st1:PersonName>@LISTSERV.BOISESTATE.EDU</st1:PersonName><br>
<b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Subject:</span></b> Re: A Common
Consensus</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;">Peter,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;">Thanks for taking the trouble to explain the
method in so much detail.
I've turned your post into a Word document and filed it under Decision
Making
Methods for future reference.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;">The challenge is getting people's agreement
to use the method.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;">Catch-22!<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;">Warm wishes,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;">Jack <br clear="all">
<br>
Jack Martin Leith<br>
Now-to-New activist<br>
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Bristol</st1:City>, <st1:country-region
w:st="on">United Kingdom</st1:country-region></st1:place><br>
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Mobile</st1:City></st1:place>:
07831
840541 (+44 7831 840541)<br>
Skype: jackmartinleith<br>
email: <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:jack@jackmartinleith.com">jack@jackmartinleith.com</a><br>
<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.jackmartinleith.com">www.jackmartinleith.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p><font face="Arial" size="2"><span
style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;">No
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Checked by AVG - <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.avg.com">http://www.avg.com</a><br>
Version: 8.0.138 / Virus Database: 270.6.3/1611 - Release Date:
8/14/2008 6:20
AM</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
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