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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Dear Lisa and other friends,</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>I am posting some information on Dr. Akhtar Hameed Khan and Muhammad
Yunus.</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Lisa, please feel free to write to me off list, in case you wish
to continue this conversation. It may not be of general interest to the list.</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 face=Arial><span style='font-size:8.0pt;
font-family:Arial'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><u><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Dr. Akhtar Hameed Khan</span></font></u><font size=2
face=Arial><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial'> joined the Indian
Civil Service in 1936, before </span></font><font size=2 face=Arial><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Pakistan</span></font><font
size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial'> came into
being. The civil service in </span></font><font size=2 face=Arial><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial'>India</span></font><font size=2
face=Arial><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial'> & </span></font><font
size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Pakistan</span></font><font
size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial'> (& probably
other former colonies) is prestigious, and wields great power (Anyone who saw the
British TV program “Yes, minister” can relate to this easily). Here
is a snippet from a Web site about Dr. Khan:</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
8.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3 color=navy
face=Georgia><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Georgia;color:navy'>His
simplicity in dress and living was censured by his superiors. An idealist, he
sought while in government service to do the impossible of bringing about an
Islamic revolution in the lives of the Muslim inhabitants of the area. Deeply moved
by the misery of the ignorant masses, KHAN was angered by his own helplessness
and by government indifference. He was also caught up emotionally in </span></font><font
color=navy face=Georgia><span style='font-family:Georgia;color:navy'>India</span></font><font
color=navy face=Georgia><span style='font-family:Georgia;color:navy'>'s
struggle to be free.............. He wrote in his diary, "I want to lead
the life of a poor man."</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:36.0pt'><font size=1 color=navy
face=Arial><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Anyway, the net of it all was that he resigned from the
civil service and devoted the rest of his life to projects - first in </span></font><font
size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial'>East
Pakistan</span></font><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>, and later in </span></font><font size=2 face=Arial><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Karachi</span></font><font size=2
face=Arial><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial'>, </span></font><font
size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Pakistan</span></font><font
size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial'>. Three projects
in </span></font><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Karachi</span></font><font size=2 face=Arial><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial'> related to “Low Cost
sanitation”, “The Family Enterprise Economic Program” & “Low
Cost Housing Program”. </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 face=Arial><span style='font-size:8.0pt;
font-family:Arial'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Dr. Khan invariably came up with more practical and cost-effective
solutions than international agencies trying to transfer best-practice
solutions. His work is continued by others at the Urban Resource Centre in </span></font><font
size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Karachi</span></font><font
size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial'> <a
href="http://www.urckarachi.org/home.htm">http://www.urckarachi.org/home.htm</a></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:Arial'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><u><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Muhammad Yunus</span></font></u><font size=2 face=Arial><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial'> is still around, and known for
having founded “Grameen Bank” in </span></font><font size=2
face=Arial><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Bangladesh</span></font><font
size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial'>. I only
know what I have read about him – from a distance. His work seems better
known than Dr. Khan’s. The following snippet is taken from the Web site: <a
href="http://www.grameen-info.org/index.html">http://www.grameen-info.org/index.html</a></span></font></p>
<p style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify'><font size=2 color="#200c4d"
face="Bookman Old Style"><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Bookman Old Style";
color:#200C4D'>In 1974, Professor Muhammad Yunus, a Bangladeshi economist from </span></font><font
size=2 color="#200c4d" face="Bookman Old Style"><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#200C4D'>Chittagong</span></font><font
size=2 color="#200c4d" face="Bookman Old Style"><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#200C4D'> </span></font><font size=2
color="#200c4d" face="Bookman Old Style"><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#200C4D'>University</span></font><font
size=2 color="#200c4d" face="Bookman Old Style"><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Bookman Old Style";color:#200C4D'>, led his students on a field
trip to a poor village. They interviewed a woman who made bamboo stools, and
learnt that she had to borrow the equivalent of 15p to buy raw bamboo for each
stool made. After repaying the middleman, sometimes at rates as high as 10% a
week, she was left with a penny profit margin. Had she been able to borrow at
more advantageous rates, she would have been able to amass an economic cushion
and raise herself above subsistence level.</span></font></p>
<p style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify'><font size=2 color="#200c4d"
face="Bookman Old Style"><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Bookman Old Style";
color:#200C4D'>Realizing that there must be something terribly wrong with the
economics he was teaching, Yunus took matters into his own hands, and from his
own pocket lent the equivalent of £ 17 to 42 basket-weavers. He found that it
was possible with this tiny amount not only to help them survive, but also to
create the spark of personal initiative and enterprise necessary to pull
themselves out of poverty. </span></font></p>
<p style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify'><font size=2 color="#200c4d"
face="Bookman Old Style"><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Bookman Old Style";
color:#200C4D'>Against the advice of banks and government, Yunus carried on
giving out 'micro-loans', and in 1983 formed the Grameen Bank, meaning 'village
bank' founded on principles of trust and solidarity.</span></font></p>
<p style='text-align:justify;text-indent:-7.5pt'><font size=3 color="#200c4d"
face=Verdana><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:#200C4D'>Don’t
they both appear to be “positive deviants”? </span></font></p>
<p style='text-align:justify;text-indent:-7.5pt'><font size=3 color="#200c4d"
face=Verdana><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:#200C4D'>All
best wishes - Masud</span></font></p>
<p style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify'><font size=2 color="#200c4d"
face="Bookman Old Style"><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Bookman Old Style";
color:#200C4D'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:Arial'> </span></font></p>
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font-family:Arial'> </span></font></p>
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font-family:Arial'> </span></font></p>
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font-family:Arial'> </span></font></p>
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font-family:Arial'> </span></font></p>
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font-family:Arial'> </span></font></p>
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font-family:Arial'> </span></font></p>
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font-family:Arial'> </span></font></p>
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font-family:Arial'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'> <u> </u></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><i><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial;layout-grid-mode:line;font-style:italic'>Courage is not
simply one of the virtues, but the form of every virtue at the testing point -
C.S. Lewis </span></font></i></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'> </span></font></p>
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