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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Friends,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>I have been talking with Pablo Restrepo, who is
planning an Open Space gathering on reconceiving Columbia's negotiation
process. I have 2 requests from this list on his behalf.
</FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2>The first is to provide him feedback on his
proposal. His description follows his message. You are welcome to
send responses directly to him at <U><FONT face=Verdana color=#0000ff size=3><A
href="mailto:prestrepo@tandemadr.com">prestrepo@tandemadr.com</A></FONT></U> or
if you'd like to share your thoughts with the list, I will forward them
on.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>In addition, he is looking for an experienced OS
practitioner from Europe, Asia or the Middle East to work with them. If
you're interested, please contact Pablo directly.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Thanks,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Peggy</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV>----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">
<DIV style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; font-color: black"><B>From:</B> <A
title=prestrepo@tandemadr.com href="mailto:prestrepo@tandemadr.com">Pablo
Restrepo TANDEM</A> </DIV>
<DIV><B>To:</B> <A title=peggy@opencirclecompany.com
href="mailto:peggy@opencirclecompany.com">Peggy Holman, Open Space Institute
(US)</A> ; <A title=usa@openspaceworld.org
href="mailto:usa@openspaceworld.org">Peggy Holman, Open Space Institute (US)</A>
</DIV>
<DIV><B>Sent:</B> Wednesday, March 27, 2002 10:21 AM</DIV>
<DIV><B>Subject:</B> Colombia</DIV></DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Verdana>Dear Peggy: Sorry for the silence during this last
days, we were working hard in presenting the proposal to possible
sponsors, in fact, it went very well. The idea is to do the event in Costa
Rica, July 15th-17th. Most people agree that for reasons of safety and to
allow some actors to participate, we could not do OST in Colombia. They
also think that it is better to have a co facilitator that is not from the USA,
maybe someone from Europe, Asia or the Middle East. I am sending you the
description of the project in English to get your feedback and also to publish
it the the OST bulletin board. It would be also great to contact the
people in Israel, I got the address of those in India so I will write to them
directly. Best regards, and thanks again for your help.
Pablo<BR><BR></FONT><FONT color=#00ff00><FONT
face="Comic Sans MS"><B><BR></B></FONT></FONT><B><FONT color=#000080><FONT
face=Verdana>Pablo Restrepo<BR></FONT></FONT></B><FONT color=#00ff00><FONT
face="Comic Sans MS"><BR></FONT><FONT face=Verdana><B>TANDEM
A</B></FONT></FONT><FONT face=Verdana><B><FONT
color=#000080>lternative</FONT><FONT color=#ff0000> </FONT><FONT
color=#00ff00>D</FONT><FONT color=#000080>ispute</FONT><FONT color=#ff0000>
</FONT><FONT color=#00ff00>R</FONT><FONT
color=#000080>esolution<BR></FONT></B><FONT color=#000080><BR>Address:
Avenida 82 #7-22, Oficina 304, Bogotá, Colombia<BR>Tel: (571)
296 7080 & 635 6330<BR>Fax: (571) 296 7081<BR>Email:
</FONT><FONT color=#0000ff><U>prestrepo@tandemadr.com<BR></U></FONT><FONT
color=#000080>Webpage: </FONT><FONT
color=#0000ff><U>http://www.tandemadr.com</U></FONT><FONT color=#000080>
<BR><BR>Dina R. Jansenson<BR>Address: 1 Liberty Plaza, Suite 3500, New
York, NY 10006 (United States)<BR>Tel: (212) 233-9887<BR>Fax: (212)
964-9200<BR>Email: </FONT><FONT
color=#0000ff><U>tandem@tandemadr.com<BR></U></FONT><FONT
color=#000080>Webpage:</FONT> <FONT
color=#0000ff><U>http://www.tandemadr.com</U></FONT> <BR><BR><FONT
color=#000080>Alfonso Rodríguez<BR>Address: Avenida 82 #7-22, Oficina 304,
Bogotá, Colombia<BR>Tel: (571) 296 7080 & 635 6330<BR>Fax:
(571) 296 7081<BR>Email: </FONT><FONT
color=#0000ff><U>arodriguez@tandemadr.com<BR></U></FONT><FONT
color=#000080>Webpage: </FONT><FONT color=#0000ff><U><A
href="http://www.tandemadr.com">http://www.tandemadr.com</A></U></FONT><FONT
color=#000080> <BR></FONT><BR></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Verdana></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Verdana>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoBodyText
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=5><FONT
face=Times>What lessons can we derived from the late negotiation process, what
will the next process be like, and what must be done to get
there?<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"
/><o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">No
one who has seriously analyzed the Colombian conflict thinks that the Colombian
situation can be resolved exclusively through a military strategy. Even those
who are the most favorable to war, acknowledge that the possible solutions will
be found through decisive negotiation processes, in other words, the actors of
the conflict will eventually have to sit down at the negotiation table, again.
<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Talking
about the failure of the process that President Pastrana begun would be an easy
task; what is more, it would be easy to find guilty parties and identify
responsibilities for its failure. However, this would be of little value for the
construction of the next negotiation process. It is more important to draw from
the lessons that can be derived from this effort of more than three years, so
that the road to a next negotiation can be built, and a more effective process
can be designed.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The
Colombian conflict cannot be seen from a bilateral perspective, as it is not
possible to reduce it to a negotiation between the government and the guerrilla.
Neither can it be explained as a conventional multilateral negotiation, which
includes many actors having linear relationships and links among them. For
instance, one could say that this conflict concerns a negotiation between the
government, the FARC, the AUC and the ELN, but this does not cover the whole
range either; one could always add a new actor to each number of actors.
Actually, the preliminary calculation shows that we are talking of at least
thirty actors among those direct and indirect agents having a relevant impact on
the situation (see list below). The hypothesis is that the relations and links
between these actors are non linear, which means that the conflict cannot be
explained by a linear model. We are facing a “complex” conflict, a conflict with
multi-linear relations and links; thus, the model of analysis must reproduce
such a consideration.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">On
the other hand, external analysts to the conflict, both national and
international, have done the majority of analyses of the Colombian conflict.
Therefore, it would be of great value to have the actors themselves do this
analysis; who knows the circumstances and understands the problem better than
them?<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">With
this in mind, this document concerns itself with an exercise, based on a complex
model of analysis, in which the individuals representing all the actors are
invited in order to produce a proposal that answers the question: <I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">What lessons can we derived from the late
negotiation process, what will the next process be like, and what must be done
to get there?</I> The model to be used, Open Space Technology, allows the whole
“system” (all the actors) to participate in the analysis and in the construction
of the proposal.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">OST
is a methodology used to work with large groups (between 5 and 1.000
individuals). It allows the participants to produce a document that draws from
and includes all the issues that concern the participants, their priorities and
includes a detailed action plan. It is a methodology that enables all the
attendants to deal with (all) the issues they are interested in, they feel
passion for, and they want to be responsible for.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">This
project, led by Tandem a.d.r, an international organization of Colombian origin
that is devoted to advising and training people and organizations in alternative
conflict resolution methods, will be completed before the new president comes
into office, probably a few days after the elections. The promoters will be
individuals and organizations that are willing to fund this endeavor, but what
is more important, that have the credibility to bring together all the
individuals that are representatives of all the agents that comprise the
“system” of the Colombian conflict.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">List
of actors:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 50.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 50.2pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The
executive branch<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 50.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 50.2pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The
legislative branch<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 50.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 50.2pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The
judicial branch<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 50.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 50.2pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The
Armed Forces of Colombia<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 50.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 50.2pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">FARC,
(Revolutionary Armed forces of Colombia)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 50.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 50.2pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">AUC
(Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia- paramilitary group)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 50.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 50.2pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">ELN
(National Liberation Army)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 50.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 50.2pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The
media<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 50.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 50.2pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The
EmbassiCountries<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 50.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 50.2pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">DEA<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 50.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 50.2pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">FBI<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 50.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 50.2pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">CIA<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 50.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 50.2pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">United
States Estate Department<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 50.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 50.2pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Indigenous
groups<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 50.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 50.2pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">African
Colombians <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 50.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 50.2pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">National
and International Nongovernmental Organizations (NGO’s) <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 50.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 50.2pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The
European Community<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 50.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 50.2pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Colombian
Businessmen<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 50.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 50.2pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Trade
Unions<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 50.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 50.2pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Presidential
Candidates<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 50.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 50.2pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">National
and International Universities<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 50.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 50.2pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Intellectuals
(artists, writers, etc).<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 50.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 50.2pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The
Civil Society<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 50.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 50.2pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The
Churches<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 50.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 50.2pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Political
Parties<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 50.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 50.2pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The
Youth’s Organizations<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 50.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 50.2pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Colombian
Diasporas Abroad<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 50.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 50.2pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Weapon
Traders<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 50.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 50.2pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Retired
Individuals<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 50.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 50.2pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Chemical
Producers of Precursors<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 50.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 50.2pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Women<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 50.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 50.2pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Foreign
Investors<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 50.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: -0.25in; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 50.2pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Professional
Associations<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">It
is obvious, that due to different reasons not all the actors will participate in
this exercise. But all of them must be invited. The most important thing is to
create and open a space for interaction. Taking into account the limitations of
some of the actors, especially the violent ones, this event is likely to take
place abroad. The “space” where this event will occur must guarantee all the
attendants security. This is essential for the exercise. Nevertheless, it is
necessary to point out that the most important voices are those of the civil
society, and that this project will be of great value even if not all the
institutional or armed actors participate in it. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">An
average of five to ten individuals representing each of the groups mentioned
above will be invited. A number of attendants may be able to afford the
transportation and hotel fees, but some among those who do not have the
necessary means should be financially supported. Moreover, the costs of the
convention center or hotel, the facilitators and other requirements will have to
be covered by the financial sponsors.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The
product of this project is a document presenting a proposal of how to construct
the road towards the next negotiation and how this process will be designed in
order to be feasible and legitimate.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR
style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always; mso-special-character: line-break"
clear=all></SPAN>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><FONT
size=5> <SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=5><FONT
face=Times>Appendix 1: strategic
considerations<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">To
succeed, it is essential for the conveners to have the necessary luster and the
capacity to attract all the basic actors into participating. For this reason,
before committing to a group of sponsors, even if they are willing to fund the
project, it is crucial to carefully design the “seed group” of
conveners.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">This
”seed group” must have the ability to bring together actors representing the
real “peace forces”, in other words, political movements such as the “Visionary
Party” of Mockus (Bogotá´s mayor); non-governmental organizations like the
foundation for “the displaced, CODES, directed by Jorge Rojas; writers such as
José Saramago; social leaders like Hernando Hernández from Ecopetrol (Colombian
Public Oil Company); international leaders such as Comandante Marcos from Mexico
and Lula from Brazil; national and international universities of great prestige,
among others. It is fundamental that no one takes ownership of the process and
changes it into a bureaucratic or flamboyant exercise. Furthermore, it is vital
to create a strong motivation to attend the event and a high cost of not
participating proactively.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">In
this way, once the “seed group” has been structured, it is important promote the
event through national and international media to confer to it a high profile.
<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">As
a last consideration, the process must occur after the elections, but before the
new president comes into office. This would avoid its getting lost in the
turmoil of elections and the risk of being used by some actors as a space for
political proselytism. Anyhow, it must be done before August the seventh so the
final document can be presented to the new President and its government as a
source of reflection.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR
style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always; mso-special-character: line-break"
clear=all></SPAN>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><FONT
size=5> <SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=5><FONT
face=Times>Appendix 2: about complex
systems<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The
following description is Doctor Neil F. Johnson´s contribution; he is a
professor of physics at Oxford University, in England, and an expert in the
subject of complexity:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">In
large part due to the Cold War effect, traditional models of
interaction/competition were 2-players (US and Russia). Following the work of
Nash etc., people then began to generalize these models to more than 2players.
However they did it in a very limited way, such that at any onetime there were
only two players interacting with each other, or equivalently only two players
who were currently linked. Then came the birth of Complex Systems analysis
(which grew out of the more limited field of Chaos studies). In this, it was
realized that in fact dealing with only two players is far too simple - and may
even be very wrong. Three and above are different (two's company, three's a
crowd). In fact, one can't even think of the limit of very large number of
players (e.g. 1000) and hope that this reflects the true situation with, say,
30. What is happening is this: the "complexity" of any network of interacting
agents/players/actors etc. is relatively simple for very large numbers, and very
small numbers. For intermediate numbers it is truly "complex". In particular,
when one adds in the fact that the linkages between actors may be changing in
time, and more importantly, may be determined by the past history, then you have
a system where "the sum is more than the parts", and their is a non-trivial
dependence on the past history... this is by definition a "Complex
System".<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>So... place an intermediate number of
actors in a situation where they are linked together in some way, with
connections/linkages which may change with time and which are dependent on what
has happened in the past, and you have a complex system network.... or a
"small-world network" as it is known.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR
style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always; mso-special-character: line-break"
clear=all></SPAN>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0in; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><FONT
size=5> <SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0in; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><B
style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT size=5><FONT
face=Times>Appendix 3: open space
technology<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">OST
serves as a complex model of analysis, it enables work with large groups,
between 5 and 1.000 people. OST is an appropriate model when a major issue must
be resolved, particularly when a high level of complexity, high levels of
uncertainty, a great diversity (in terms of people involved), the existence of a
current or potential conflict, and the need of producing a decision or an answer
as soon as possible characterizes the issues.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The
principles and the law that govern an event (a process) of OST are<A title=""
style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1" href="mid://00000126/#_ftn1" name=_ftnref1><SPAN
class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN
style="mso-special-character: footnote">[1]</SPAN></SPAN></A>:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Whoever
comes is the right people.</SPAN></I><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
This reminds people that it is not how many people or the position they hold
that counts, rather it is their passion for the subject that is important. So
what happens if nobody comes to your group?<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Well, when was the last time you had the
time to work on an idea you really cared about? Even a group of one
works.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Whatever
happens is the only thing that could have happened.</SPAN></I><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
This is a reminder to let go of what might have been, should have been, or could
have been.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>It is in moments of
surprise, large and small, that real learning an growth
occur.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">When
it starts is the right time.</SPAN></I><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
Creativity and spirit don’t happen according to the clock; they appear in their
own time. Open Space merely reminds us that clocks are human-made constructs and
have very little to do with the right time for things.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">When
it’s over, it’s over</SPAN></I><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">.
This offers a marvelous way to save time and aggravation.<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>If you get together and it takes ten
minutes to do what you wanted, congratulations! Move on and do something else.
If, on the other hand, you find yourself deeply engaged in what you are doing,
keep on doing it until your are finished.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><I
style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The
law of Two Feet</SPAN></I><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
(or the law of personal initiative) says to stand up for what you believe, and
if you feel your are neither contributing nor learning where you are, use your
two feet and go somewhere else. The law is fundamentally about personal
responsibility. It makes it clear that the only person responsible for your
experience is you.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">OST
is grounded on people’s passion and responsibility. The only role of the
facilitators is to “open” the space for a productive interaction between the
participants, and to protect this space during the three days of
work.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">In
an OST event the participants sit down on a circle (various concentric circles
when there is a large group). The four principles and the law guide the
participants in the process. At the beginning of the event, the facilitators
invite all the attendants to identify the issues and ideas they feel a genuine
passion for and those they are willing to be personally responsible for. When
they have identified these issues and ideas, they head towards the circle’s
centre, where the facilitator are standing, they write down their issue or idea
on a piece of paper, they announce it to the whole group and they stick the
paper on the wall. When all the issues of interest to any one have been
identified, the group is invited to walk towards the wall and to include their
names in the workgroup in which issue they are interested. No matter how large
the group, this process always takes a bit more than an
hour.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoBodyTextIndent
style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Times; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">From
that moment on, the groups manage themselves. As the process makes progress and
the groups assemble and work together, each responsible produces a report of
their activities (using the computers available for this). By the end of the
three days, all the issues concerning any of the participants will have been
discussed, the priorities for each issue will have been identified, the related
issues will have converged, and the initial actions for each issue will have
been decided. When leaving, each participant will have a written document with
all the proceedings.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<DIV style="mso-element: footnote-list"><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><BR
clear=all>
<HR align=left width="33%" SIZE=1>
<DIV id=ftn1 style="mso-element: footnote">
<P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><A title=""
style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1" href="mid://00000126/#_ftnref1" name=_ftn1><SPAN
class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><SPAN
style="mso-special-character: footnote">[1]</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"> The principles, the law and the description of
OST were extracted from the manual Open Space Technology by Harrison Owen (with
Anne Stadler).</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoFootnoteText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN> </P></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></FONT></BODY></HTML>